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The Official Site of Arka Language
STUDY: Lein's Lesson, Overview and so on

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What's Arka?

Sound & Alphabet

Syllable

Part of Speech

Pronoun 1

Pronoun 2

Pronoun 3

Pronoun 4

Pronoun 5

Pronoun 6

Verb

Tense

Aspect

Reflexive Verb

Copula

Intransitive

Pronoun 6

The third person, singular
  The third person, positive, nominative and so on The third person, negative, nominative and so on The third person, positive, possessive and so on The third person, negative, possessive and so on
Animate, near luumi (this person, positive) luube (this person, negative) luumin (this person's, positive) luuben (this person's, negative)
Animate, far laami (that person, positive) laabe (that person, negative) laamin (that person's, positive) laaben (that person's, negative)
Inanimate, near tuumi (this, positive) tuube (this, negative) tuumin (its, of this, positive) tuuben (its, of this, negative)
Inanimate, far leemi (that, positive) leebe (that, negative) leemin (its, of that, positive) leeben (its, of that, negative)

The third person, plural
  The third person, positive, nominative and so on The third person, negative, nominative and so on The third person, positive, possessive and so on The third person, negative, possessive and so on
Animate, near luumis (these people, positive) luubes (these people, negative) luumins (these people's, positive) luubens (these people's, negative)
Animate, far laamis (those people, positive) laabes (those people, negative) laamins (those people's, positive) laabens (those people's, negative)
Inanimate, near tuumis (these, positive) tuubes (these, negative) tuumins (their, of these, positive) tuubens (their, of those, negative)
Inanimate, far leemis (those, positive) leebes (those, negative) leemins (their, of those, positive) leebens (their, of those, negative)

Pronouns of the third person have positive ones and negative ones.
How to Make Them
1) Double the vowel: lu -> luu
2) Add "mi" if positive. Add "be" if negative: luu -> luube
3) Add "n" if possessive: luube -> luuben
4) Add "s" if plural: luube -> luubes, luuben -> luubens
This "n" comes from genitive and this "s" does from the word "se" which means plural.

How to Use Them
luube (this person, negative)
luube lutta (dude)
tu et luuben da. (It is this dude's)
bend luubens (bait for these guys)
baz aku lax tuube a? (u wanna eat such a thing?)
tuumi leeze et laami tauanen anne. (This umbrella belongs to that guest, sir)

Positive pronouns mean affection, politeness, friendliness, inexpensiveness, greatness, large quantity and so on.
Negative pronouns mean the other way round.

misentant mil sala mist halasat tuumi renal a men. = I accept your many kind words most gratefully.
an aaxa laxat leebe lfis! = I hate such a life!
leemi gart = that much money
tuube gart = that little money


Grils tend to use these pronouns instead.
laami, laamis -> ansiel
luumi, luumis -> lusiel
laamin, laamins -> ansiett
luumin, luumins -> lusiett

ansiel te velnaren mil mist xiilasat yuna lij siina. xom yuta vil klos lusiett aano. = That gentleman cherished me when I was little. So I don't believe her affirmation that he's a bad guy.


There are more pronouns for the first person and the second person. cf. phase.
There are 12 words which mean "I" or "you" in Arka. Listeners can judge spearkers' personality from the pronouns they use.


The third person, vague
  The third person, positive, nominative and so on The third person, negative, nominative and so on The third person, positive, possessive and so on The third person, negative, possessive and so on
Vague, near lendi such, positive gaato such, negative lendin of such, positive gaaton of such, negative
Vague, far klens such, positive vandol such, negative klensen of such, positive vandolen of such, negative

misentant mil lendi rens. = Thank you for your such kind words.
an sin vandol namo laaben. = I hate it when he talks like that.

Place
  Place, positive Place, negative
Place, near flej this place, positive beke this place, negative
Place, far laaf that place, positive okel that place, negative

"atu" (here) becomes "flej" when positive and "beke" when negative.
"lyu" (there) becomes "laaf" when positive and "okel" when negative.

sant fians nan flej, ret. = Please take a seat here.
arte, xino noan setat yu leebe vas okel! = Oh my god, my beloved son was killed in such a war!

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