Adj. & Adv.
Adjectives
Adjectives come after nouns.
ket lis = a small cat
Adverbs
Adverbs are separated into "leimfreyu" (ordinary adverbs) and "levafreyu" (extraordinary adverbs).
"levafreyu" is separated into "yunerfreyu" (modal adverbs) and "dalsfreyu" (free adverbs)
"leimfreyu" is made by attaching "-el" to an adjective.
"sor" is high while "sorel" is highly.
Adverbs are usually put after SVO.
an badat elen vienel. = I hit the table strongly.
"vienel" is strongly.
"vien" is strong.
"-el" becomes "-l" in front of words which end up with a vowel.
la klosat axmal. = He made an assertion logically. You can't say "axmael."
Adverbs which modify an adjective don't need "-el."
*la et vien tinkal. -> la et vien tinka. "tinkal" is no good.
Free Adverbs
"aluut" means absolutely. It's obvious that it's an adverb, so you can omit "-el."
Adverbs which don't need "-el" are called extraordinary adverbs. And extraordinary adverbs which can take "-el" are called free adverbs.
Not only adverbs for probability but also ones for frequency are free adverbs like kalma (often).
If a free adverb is located next to a verb, you don't need any "-el." If it isn't, you need an "-el."
e.g. an aluut vast tas. = an vast tas aluutel. = I will pass the test definitely.
In "aluut, an vast tas a!," "aluut" is like an independence or an interjection, so you don't need an "-el."
an vast tas aluutel = an aluut vast tas
Modal Adverbs
They are auxiliary verbs in English.
e.g. axt sen = can write. axt flen = may write.
These adverbs don't need "-el." they come after a verb.
Unlike free adverbs, you can't move modal adverbs to anywhere.
Some of them are put in front of a verb like "re" (an adverb which makes an imperative sentence).
Frequent Modal Adverbs
lax |
want to |
hope |
van |
will |
will |
sen |
can |
possibility |
vil |
cannot |
impossibility |
das |
why don't you |
suggestion |
fal |
have to |
obligation |
flen |
may |
permission |
xiit |
Let's |
suggestion |
sil |
will be |
future (tense) |
yu |
be done |
passive (voice) |
re |
do |
order |
In Arka, "sil" (future tense) and "yu" (passive voice) are adverbs, too.
Further Reading
Pronoun 5 and Imperative
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