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STUDY: Lein's Lesson, Overview and so on

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Adj. & Adv.

Adj. & Adv. 2

Imperative

Caser

Frequent Casers

Independence

Neg. & Int.

Conjunction

And & Or

Appositive

tie... tun

Conjunction 2

Conjunction 3

Comparison

Adj. & Adv.

Adjectives

Adjectives come after nouns.
ket lis = a small cat

Adverbs

Adverbs are separated into "leimfreyu" (ordinary adverbs) and "levafreyu" (extraordinary adverbs).
"levafreyu" is separated into "yunerfreyu" (modal adverbs) and "dalsfreyu" (free adverbs)

"leimfreyu" is made by attaching "-el" to an adjective.
"sor" is high while "sorel" is highly.

Adverbs are usually put after SVO.
an badat elen vienel. = I hit the table strongly.

"vienel" is strongly.
"vien" is strong.

"-el" becomes "-l" in front of words which end up with a vowel.
la klosat axmal. = He made an assertion logically. You can't say "axmael."

Adverbs which modify an adjective don't need "-el."
*la et vien tinkal. -> la et vien tinka. "tinkal" is no good.

Free Adverbs

"aluut" means absolutely. It's obvious that it's an adverb, so you can omit "-el."
Adverbs which don't need "-el" are called extraordinary adverbs. And extraordinary adverbs which can take "-el" are called free adverbs.
Not only adverbs for probability but also ones for frequency are free adverbs like kalma (often).

If a free adverb is located next to a verb, you don't need any "-el." If it isn't, you need an "-el."
e.g. an aluut vast tas. = an vast tas aluutel. = I will pass the test definitely.
In "aluut, an vast tas a!," "aluut" is like an independence or an interjection, so you don't need an "-el."

an vast tas aluutel = an aluut vast tas

Modal Adverbs

They are auxiliary verbs in English.
e.g. axt sen = can write. axt flen = may write.

These adverbs don't need "-el." they come after a verb.
Unlike free adverbs, you can't move modal adverbs to anywhere.
Some of them are put in front of a verb like "re" (an adverb which makes an imperative sentence).

Frequent Modal Adverbs

lax want to hope
van will will
sen can possibility
vil cannot impossibility
das why don't you suggestion
fal have to obligation
flen may permission
xiit Let's suggestion
sil will be future (tense)
yu be done passive (voice)
re do order

In Arka, "sil" (future tense) and "yu" (passive voice) are adverbs, too.

Further Reading

Pronoun 5 and Imperative

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