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Tense
the kinds of the tenses
Arka has 5 tenses; past, present, future, diachrony and tenseless.
Isolated verbs are tenseless.
Tenseless means that the speaker doesn't direct his attention to tense. If the speaker use a tenseless, the tense will be equal to the time when he's speaking.
Usually, the tense will be equal to present.
Diachrony means past, present and future. If the speaker says that he is a man, he should use diachrony because he is always male.
But the speaker usually use tenseless instead of diachrony because everybody knows he is always male.
Diachrony is expressed with an adverb "lut". It is put after a verb.
an lab lut. = I always work.
Present is expressed with an adverb "tur."
Speakers usually use present, so "tur" is often omitted.
If they use "tur," then you should add "now" to your translation.
an ke tur. = I'm coming now.
Past is expressed with "-at."
Past is not an unmarked tense, so it cannot become tenseless. But past is more frequent than future, so it is expressed with a suffix, not an adverb.
an fit miik. = I give an apple. -> an fitat miik. I gave an apple.
Attach "-t" instead of "-at" to verbs which end up with a vowel.
an ku. = I say. -> an kut. = I said.
Future is expressed with an adverb "sil."
an ke sil. = I will go.
ses
Past can be expressed with an adverb "ses."
an ke ses. = I went.
Only military men use "ses" instead of "-at" in a daily life.
"ses" is often used at the end of sentences. It's an ending independence.
Whatt is it, then?
Think about the sentence "I saw him last night. He had blue eyes."
It is strange to say "he HAD blue eyes" because his eye color won't change. His eyes are always blue.
In Arka, "la tilat ins soret" is not correct. "la til ins soret ses" is correct. It means that Arka doesn't use past suffix "-at" in this circumstance.
That's how we use "ses" as an ending independence. You should use "ses" instead of "-at" because his eyes are always blue even if it is an event from the past.
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