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Pronoun 1
Arka's pronouns are separated into 8 parts.
Here's the chart of the pronouns.
Pronouns
| |
Interrogative |
-ever |
Whole |
Portion |
Specified |
Unspecified |
Choice |
No |
| Neutral |
―― |
―― |
il (all) |
vei (part of) |
xe (some) |
fi (any) |
wel (which) |
yuu (no) |
| Animate |
ne (who) |
netal (whoever) |
illan |
veilan |
xelan |
filan |
wellan |
yuulan |
| Inanimate |
to (what) |
total (whatever) |
iltul |
veitul |
xetul |
fitul |
weltul |
yuutul |
You only have to remember the 8 words in red. The other words are just compounds.
New Arka focuses on efficiency of operation (parole), so the system of pronouns is not systematical as natural languages.
1) Interrogative
"ne" is "who" and "to" is "what." Unlike English, the end of a sentence has a rising intonation. You have to put "?" at the end of a sentence.
Not all sentences with "to" have "?" at the end of them.
"an en ser la siina to" (I don't know what he likes) is not an interrogative sentence, so it does not have "?" at the end of it.
2) Whole
It is "everybody" and "everything." It can be specified or unspecified.
e.g. Everybody likes me. = il siina non.
3) Portion
It is "some people" and "some things."
e.g. Some people hate apples. = vei sin miik.
"vei" means "not one" and "not everybody," so it can mean few people or a lot of people.
4) Specified
It is "some person" and "some thing." The speaker can use the word even if he doesn't know whom "xe" indicates.
e.g. Some person said so. = xe kut soa.
5) Unspecified
It is "any person" and "any thing."
If you say "xe alx," the number is specified even if the you don't know what it is.
On the other hand, if you say "fi alx," the number is unspecified, so it can be 4, 5 or 2. It's like a variable number.
6) Choice
It is "which."
e.g. Which vegetable do you like? = ti siina wel stek?
7) No
It is "no one" and "nothing." It also means zero.
e.g. No one came. = yuu lunat.
8) -ever
"netal" is "whoever" and "total" is "whatever."
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